很多新手买瓷器，第一眼看“旧不旧”。但“旧”是可以做出来的，而且成本很低。这篇讲五种最常见的做旧手法，看完你至少知道该往哪里看。
一、酸洗：把新釉“洗”成哑光
用氢氟酸等弱酸腐蚀釉面，让新瓷的玻璃光泽变哑，模仿出土或传世的老化感。
- 老瓷：光泽柔和但有“活光”，釉面有自然磨损的深浅变化
- 酸洗：整体发哑、发涩，像蒙了一层雾，没有局部差异
二、土沁：用胶水加泥做“出土感”
把胶水、泥土、铁锈混合涂抹在器物表面或缝隙，做出“土咬”“铁锈沁”的效果。
- 老瓷：沁色深入釉下或胎骨，边界自然，有层次
- 土沁：浮在表面，用指甲或竹签能刮下，遇水容易化开
三、磨底：把新底磨成“使用痕”
用砂纸、磨石把底足的锐利边缘磨圆，模仿长期放置的磨损。
- 老瓷：底足磨损不均匀，有自然弧度和包浆
- 磨底：磨痕方向一致、过于均匀，露出的胎色发白、发干
四、接底：老底接新身，或新底接老身
把老瓷的底足切下来，接到新做的器身上，或者反过来。这是最隐蔽、也最伤价值的一种。
- 看接缝：底足与器身的釉色、胎色是否一致
- 看过渡：接缝处常有打磨痕迹或色差
- 看重量：上下手感是否一致，接底常头重脚轻
五、后加彩：素器加彩，或补彩
在老的素胎上加彩，或者在残彩上补画，冒充完整彩瓷。
- 看彩料：后加彩的彩料常与老彩料质感不同，发亮或发涩
- 看笔触：后加部分笔法常与原件不搭
- 看釉面：用放大镜看彩下有无老化的自然开片或磨损
六、五种手法一览表
| 手法 | 目的 | 破绽 |
|---|---|---|
| 酸洗 | 去新釉光泽 | 整体发哑、无层次 |
| 土沁 | 做出土感 | 浮于表面、可刮下 |
| 磨底 | 做使用痕 | 磨痕均匀、胎色发白 |
| 接底 | 老底配新身 | 接缝色差、手感不一 |
| 后加彩 | 补全或提价 | 彩料质感、笔触不搭 |
七、上手怎么练？
- 先看整体：在自然光下看釉面光泽是否统一、有没有局部异常
- 再看底足：底足的磨损、胎色、包浆是否自然
- 再看接缝：器身与底足、器身与器盖的过渡是否自然
- 最后看彩：用放大镜看彩料质感和笔触
八、常见的几个误区
- 误区一：越旧越真——旧是可以做出来的
- 误区二：有土就是出土——土可以后抹
- 误区三：底足磨圆就是老——磨圆可以人工做
- 误区四：有款就是官窑——款可以后加
下一步可以做什么？
- 去本地市集上手几件开片、冲线的老瓷片，建立釉面光泽的记忆
- 用放大镜看真品的底足磨损和釉面开片
- 把每次看到的“可疑件”拍下来，做自己的对比库
Many new buyers judge porcelain by how "old" it looks. But old can be faked, and cheaply. Here are five common ageing techniques — and where to look.
1. Acid washing — dulling new glaze
Weak acid (hydrofluoric) etches the glaze to kill the glassy shine, imitating burial or long use.
- Old: soft but "live" shine, uneven wear
- Acid-washed: uniformly dull, like a fog, no variation
2. Soil staining — glue and mud
Glue, mud, and iron rust are smeared on the surface or into cracks to fake burial stains.
- Old: stains sink under glaze or into the body, natural edges
- Faked: sits on top, scrapes off, dissolves in water
3. Ground foot — faking wear
Sandpaper or grinding stones round off the sharp foot rim to imitate long use.
- Old: uneven wear, natural patina
- Ground: uniform direction, chalky white body exposed
4. Joined foot — old base, new body (or vice versa)
The foot of an old piece is cut off and joined to a new body, or the reverse. The most hidden and damaging trick.
- Seam: check glaze and body colour match
- Transition: look for sanding marks or colour difference
- Weight: top and bottom should feel consistent
5. Repainted decoration — added or touched up
Plain old bodies are painted, or damaged decoration is touched up, to pass as complete polychrome.
- Pigment: new paint looks glossier or drier than old
- Brushwork: added strokes don't match the original hand
- Glaze: under a loupe, check for natural ageing under the paint
6. Five techniques at a glance
| Technique | Purpose | Tell |
|---|---|---|
| Acid wash | Kill new shine | Uniformly dull |
| Soil stain | Fake burial | Sits on top, scrapes off |
| Ground foot | Fake wear | Uniform marks, chalky body |
| Joined foot | Old base + new body | Seam colour, weight mismatch |
| Repaint | Complete or upvalue | Pigment and brushwork mismatch |
7. How to train your eye
- Overall: in natural light, check glaze shine for local anomalies
- Foot: wear, body colour, patina
- Seams: body-to-foot, body-to-lid transitions
- Pigment: use a loupe to check texture and brushwork
8. Common misconceptions
- Older-looking = real — age can be made
- Has soil = buried — soil can be added
- Rounded foot = old — can be ground
- Has a mark = imperial — marks can be added