钱币做旧，是本地市场的常见问题。尤其在高价清钱和民国银元上，做旧手法层出不穷。今天讲的几种，是新手最容易遇到的。
先说明：本文讲的是识别手法，不是鉴定结论。任何单枚钱币，仍需结合实物、称重、听声、看边齿综合判断。
一、化学做旧
用硫化物或酸液，快速在铜表面生成黑褐色的“包浆”。这是最常见也最容易识别的手法。
特征：
- 颜色均匀死板，整枚币通体一致
- 缺乏层次，从字口到地章颜色一样
- 表面常有轻微的化学气味
- 用湿纸巾轻擦，可能掉色
二、土埋做旧
把新币埋进潮湿土壤数月，让它生锈。这种手法做出来的锈，看似自然，但与真品有差别。
特征：
- 土锈浮于表面，不入骨
- 锈色偏红、偏土黄，缺乏层次
- 字口内的锈常被清掉，与地章锈色不一致
- 背面与正面锈色相近，缺乏自然使用痕迹
三、火烧做旧
用高温让铜快速氧化变色。做旧币往往通体发红、发黑，字口模糊。
特征：
- 通体发红或发黑，颜色不均匀但整体偏暗
- 字口因高温膨胀而模糊，缺乏利落感
- 手感偏涩，缺乏自然磨损的润滑感
四、拼配做旧
用真币的边道 + 新做的字面，或真币的字面 + 新做的边道，拼成一枚“完美”的币。这属于高级造假，肉眼不易识别。
识别要点：
- 边齿与字面风格是否一致
- 锈色在字面与边道之间是否过渡自然
- 称重，与真品重量对比
五、肉眼识别要点汇总
| 观察点 | 真品 | 做旧品 |
|---|---|---|
| 颜色 | 深浅不一，有过渡 | 均匀、死板 |
| 字口 | 清晰、利落 | 模糊、被腐蚀 |
| 边道 | 磨损有方向 | 磨损均匀、假 |
| 锈色入骨 | 入骨，与铜结合 | 浮于表面 |
| 手感 | 润滑、自然 | 干涩、有化学感 |
实战提醒：看到“通体黑褐、字口模糊、颜色均匀”的币，先怀疑做旧；看到“颜色深浅有过渡、字口利落、边道磨损有方向”的币，再往真品方向想。
六、几件必备工具
- 电子秤：精确到 0.01 克，和真品重量对照
- 10 倍放大镜：看边齿、字口、锈色过渡
- 强光手电：斜光看表面，正光看字口
- 软橡皮或湿纸巾：轻轻擦拭，看是否掉色
下一步可以做什么？
- 先从便宜的钱币练手，建立对“真品手感”的记忆
- 建立自己的对比库，把见过的真品和仿品都拍下来
- 遇到高价币，务必多方核验，宁可错过
Coin ageing is a common issue locally, especially on expensive Qing coins and Republican silver. Here are the tricks you are most likely to meet.
Note: This is about spotting methods, not authentication. Always weigh, sound, and inspect edges on any single coin.
1. Chemical ageing
Sulphides or acids create a dark "patina" fast. The most common and easiest to spot.
- Even, flat, uniform colour
- No depth — characters and fields the same tone
- Faint chemical smell
- May bleed when wiped with a wet tissue
2. Burial ageing
Months in damp soil produce rust that looks natural but differs from genuine.
- Rust sits on the surface, not in the metal
- Reddish or earthy yellow, no depth
- Characters cleaned, mismatched with fields
- Obverse and reverse rust too similar — no natural use wear
3. Torching
Heat rapidly oxidises the copper. Torched coins look red or black overall, with blurred characters.
- Overall dark red or black, uneven but dim
- Characters expanded by heat, blurred
- Surface dry, no natural smoothness
4. Composite ageing
Genuine edge on a new face, or genuine face with a new edge. High-level fakery, hard to spot by eye.
- Edge style consistent with the face?
- Rust transition between face and edge natural?
- Weight compared to genuine reference
5. Visual checks
| Point | Genuine | Faked |
|---|---|---|
| Colour | Varied, gradual | Even, flat |
| Characters | Crisp | Blurred, corroded |
| Edges | Directional wear | Uniform, fake |
| Rust | In the metal | On the surface |
| Feel | Smooth, natural | Dry, chemical |
Tip: Even black-brown, blurred, uniform — suspect ageing. Gradual colour, crisp characters, directional edge wear — lean genuine.
6. Tools
- Digital scale to 0.01g
- 10× loupe for edges, characters, transitions
- Strong torch for raking and direct light
- Soft eraser or wet tissue to test for bleeding colour